Qualche informazione sul gas refrigerante R32

Il nuovo regolamento europeo 517/2014 ha sostanzialmente ripreso il precedente regolamento 842/2006, ma ha differenza di questo ha spinto in maniera molto significativa verso un maggior controllo sull’utilizzo dei gas fluorurati, spingendo in particolar maniera verso l’introduzione di nuovi gas a minor impatto sull’ambiente.

Per raggiungere tale obiettivo il regolamento indica, già in fase di formazione degli operatori, l’inserimento all’interno dei corsi per il conseguimento della qualifica, di informazioni pertinenti alle tecnologie che consentano di sostituire i gas fluorurati a effetto serra o di ridurne l’uso.

Il cammino verso refrigeranti alternativi è già iniziato ed il futuro sarà sicuramente tracciato da refrigeranti HFO caratterizzati da bassissimi valori o quasi nulli di GWP (potenziale di riscaldamento globale), questi gas aiuteranno il “phase-out” introdotto con il regolamento n.517/2014, ma ad oggi non sono ancora maturi per quanto riguarda performance e per la leggera infiammabilità che li caratterizza.

Il presente invece è rappresentato da gas fluorurati a basso valore di GWP, come il Gas R32 che si inizia a trovare all’interno di alcuni apparecchi di refrigerazione destinata al residenziale.

L’aspetto più rilevante del gas R32 è il suo valore di GWP, pari a 675, che permette di realizzare impianti contenenti fino a 7 Kg di gas senza superare la soglia che obbliga a controllo delle perdite, tenuta del registro dell’apparecchiatura, e dichiarazione annuale all’ISPRA, soglia che per un gas R410 è già sorpassata da 2,4 Kg di gas.

Di contro il gas R32 è classificato come gas leggermente infiammabile, la sua bassa classe di infiammabilità non lo fa ricadere all’interno degli obblighi del Dlgs 35/2010, e pertanto può essere trasportato con le analoghe precauzioni che caratterizzavano il trasporto del gas R410, mostra invece qualche problema a livello di stoccaggio in magazzino, ma le precauzioni devono essere prese solo per ingenti quantità di gas, si stima che fino ad una cinquantina di macchine dualsplit non devono essere adottate particolari precauzioni e possono essere stoccate in qualsiasi luogo (il valore è puramente indicativo e da valutare da caso a caso).

Come anche per altri gas destinati alla refrigerazione devono essere rispettati i minimi dimensionali dei locali di installazione, ma non si discostano di molto rispetto alle dimensioni minime necessarie per altri gas fluorurati, potremmo quindi affermare che con qualche accortezza questo “nuovo” gas riuscirà a supplire a gas dotati di alto GWP.

Un ultimo aspetto da non trascurare è la parte relativa all’installazione e manutenzione delle apparecchiature che contengono questo gas R32, questo è pur sempre un gas fluorurato e segue tutte le indicazioni contenute nel regolamento europeo n. 517/2014, quindi per la predisposizione e l’installazione degli impianti che lo contengono l’operatore deve essere in possesso del patentino personale F-Gas e la ditta deve essere in possesso della certificazione aziendale.

A livello di attrezzatura, dovrà essere fatta attenzione che l’unità di recupero e alla bombola siano adatte all’uso con gas refrigeranti infiammabili, il cerca fughe elettronico dovrà essere in grado di rilevare il gas R32, e i manometri analogici dovranno con molta probabilità essere sostituiti, mentre i manometri digitali probabilmente, se di recente costruzione, saranno già idonei per questo nuovo gas.

E’ doveroso precisare che il manometro misura una pressione, ed essendo la pressione di lavoro del gas R32 simile alla pressione di lavoro di altri gas più comuni, si potrà continuare ad utilizzare anche manometti analogici per gas R410 o R407, purchè sia eseguito il ricalcolo manuale delle temperature, consentendo così di non dover sostituire lo strumento.

7 Comments

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